---
name: avoid-china-writing
description: Audit and rewrite Traditional Chinese to remove mainland-China (PRC / 大陸) usage and convert it to Taiwan 正體中文 conventions across four axes — 陸用語詞彙 (視頻→影片、軟件→軟體、屏幕→螢幕、網絡→網路), 互聯網／職場黑話 (賦能、抓手、對齊顆粒度、閉環、落地、賽道、內卷), 簡體字殘留 (为／发／网／软／数据 混入繁體), and 音譯與專名／語法差異 (奧巴馬→歐巴馬、悉尼→雪梨、硅谷→矽谷、通過→透過). Trigger when the user asks to 去除大陸／陸用語、改成台灣用語、正體中文在地化、抓簡體殘留、把互聯網黑話改成正常中文, or「這段有沒有大陸用詞」. Supports detect / rewrite / edit modes. Do NOT invoke for 去除 AI 味／潤飾語氣 (use avoid-ai-writing-zh), 結構化商業文件 簽呈／報告 (use formal-doc-structure), RFP／需求規格書 (use rfp-writing), 白話文翻譯 (use plain-speak), casual chat, creative writing, or code comments. This skill localizes across the strait — an axis orthogonal to AI-ism cleanup.
version: 1.0.0
license: MIT
compatibility: Any AI coding assistant that supports agentskills.io SKILL.md format (Claude Code, Cursor, VS Code Copilot, Hermes Agent, OpenHands, etc.) or OpenClaw. No external tools or APIs required.
metadata:
  author: Lu Yi
  tags: writing editing localization zh-tw traditional-chinese cross-strait
  agentskills_spec: "1.0"
  openclaw:
    emoji: "🇹🇼"
---

# Avoid China Writing — 陸用語 → 台灣正體中文

You are editing Traditional Chinese to remove mainland-China (PRC / 大陸) usage and convert it to Taiwan 正體中文 conventions.

**Scope.** This is a **cross-strait localization tool**, not an AI-ism cleaner. A passage can be entirely human-written yet full of 陸用語; a passage can be idiomatically Taiwanese yet reek of AI. Those are two orthogonal axes. This skill owns the first: 詞彙 (vocabulary), 職場／互聯網黑話 (corporate/internet jargon), 簡體字殘留 (leaked Simplified characters), and 音譯與語法差異 (transliteration and grammar habits). For AI-ism cleanup (「值得一提的是」「至關重要」, em-dash overuse, 空話口號), route to `avoid-ai-writing-zh`. The two overlap on a handful of terms (賦能, 生態, 打造) — that is expected; see [Relationship to avoid-ai-writing-zh](#relationship-to-avoid-ai-writing-zh).

## What this skill is and isn't

This flags **usage**, not correctness or identity. Most 陸用語 are perfectly grammatical Chinese — they are simply not what a Taiwanese reader or writer expects, and in professional Taiwan contexts they read as either machine-translated, copied from a mainland source, or written by someone who learned Chinese elsewhere. The goal is register-matching for a Taiwan audience, nothing more.

Two guardrails follow from that:

- **Signals, not verdicts.** A single 優化 or 網紅 does not prove a text is "from China" — many terms have crossed the strait and are now normal Taiwan usage. Flag by cluster and context, not by hunting one word. Second-language writers and cross-strait collaborators legitimately mix registers.
- **Never rewrite what isn't yours to rewrite.** Proper nouns, brand names, direct quotes of mainland source material, and code identifiers stay as written — flag them, explain, but don't silently "correct" them. See [Carve-outs](#carve-outs--do-not-flag).

## Relationship to avoid-ai-writing-zh

These are sibling skills on independent axes. Use the one that matches the request, or run both when the user wants a full clean-up.

| Request | Skill |
|---|---|
| 去 AI 味、潤飾語氣、去除空話口號、句型太像機器 | `avoid-ai-writing-zh` |
| 去陸用語、改成台灣用語、正體化、在地化、抓簡體 | **this skill** |
| 兩者都要(既有 AI 味又有陸用語) | run both — this skill first for 用語, then `avoid-ai-writing-zh` for 語氣／結構 |

**The overlap.** A few terms are *both* AI 空話 and PRC corp-speak — 賦能, 生態, 打造, 抓手. Either skill will catch them. `avoid-ai-writing-zh` flags them as empty slogans (「說了等於沒說」); this skill flags them as 陸用語 and gives the Taiwan-idiom replacement. If you only run one skill, these still get caught. `avoid-ai-writing-zh` keeps a short Taiwan-term reminder that points here for the deep pass.

## Modes

**`rewrite`** (default) — Flag 陸用語 and return a localized Taiwan-正體 version.

**`detect`** — Flag only, no rewriting. Use when the writer wants to see what's flagged and decide themselves, when you're auditing text you shouldn't alter, or for a quick scan. Group flags by [severity tier](#severity-tiers).

**`edit`** — Edit a file in place with the Edit tool. Use when the writer names a file ("把 `readme.md` 的陸用語改掉"). Make **minimal, targeted edits** — change the flagged spans, leave already-Taiwanese passages untouched. **Don't edit quoted mainland source material, code blocks, or brand names** — flag those instead. For a large file, confirm the section before changing anything. After editing, re-read and confirm the flagged terms are resolved.

Trigger detect mode on "偵測／標出來就好／先不要改／掃一下"; edit mode when the user names a file to fix in place; default to rewrite otherwise.

**Invocation.** Natural language is enough ("把這段大陸用語改成台灣講法", "掃一下有沒有簡體殘留", "編輯 `draft.md`,只改陸用語"). Power users can pass `[--mode rewrite|detect|edit]`, `[--file PATH]`, `[--tier P0|P1|P2]` (audit down to this tier only).

---

## Detection categories

Four axes. Each links to the exhaustive table in [`references/term-table.md`](references/term-table.md); the high-frequency core lives inline below so a quick pass needs no lookup.

### A. 詞彙替換 (vocabulary)

The largest category: everyday and technical nouns/verbs where Taiwan and the mainland simply use different words. High-frequency core (full IT + 生活 tables in the reference file):

| 陸用語 | 台灣正體 | Carve-out（保留原詞的語境） |
|---|---|---|
| 視頻 | 影片 | — |
| 屏幕 | 螢幕 | — |
| 軟件 / 硬件 | 軟體 / 硬體 | — |
| 網絡 | 網路 | — |
| 信息 | 資訊(泛指)／訊息(一則訊息) | 資訊理論等固定譯名 |
| 數據 | 資料 | 統計／科學語境「數據」可接受;物理量保留 |
| 質量 | 品質 | 物理學「質量」(mass)保留 |
| 打印 / 打印機 | 列印 / 印表機 | — |
| 缺省 / 默認 | 預設 | — |
| 服務器 | 伺服器 | — |
| 內存 | 記憶體 | — |
| 用戶 | 使用者 | 「用戶端」為標準台灣用語,保留 |
| 激活 | 啟用／啟動／開通 | — |
| 卸載 | 解除安裝／移除 | — |
| 進程 / 線程 | 行程 / 執行緒 | — |
| 程序(program) | 程式 | 法律／作業「程序」(procedure)保留 |
| 代碼 | 程式碼 | — |
| 調試 | 除錯 | — |
| 集成 | 整合 | — |
| 兼容 | 相容 | — |
| 緩存 | 快取 | — |
| 登錄 | 登入 | — |
| 註冊 / 賬號 | 註冊 / 帳號 | — |
| 短信 | 簡訊 | — |
| 郵箱 | 信箱／電子郵件 | — |
| 鏈接 | 連結 | — |
| 智能 | 智慧 | 人工智慧、智慧型手機 |
| 分辨率 | 解析度 | — |
| 文件夾 | 資料夾 | 「文件」指文書時保留 |
| 設置 | 設定 | — |
| 菜單 | 選單 | — |
| 復制 / 粘貼 | 複製 / 貼上 | — |
| 刷新 | 重新整理 | — |
| 土豆 | 馬鈴薯 | 台灣「土豆」指花生,務必改 |
| 出租車 | 計程車 | — |
| 公交車 | 公車 | — |
| 水平(level) | 水準 | 幾何「水平」(horizontal)保留 |

Rule: replace on sight when the term is unambiguous 陸用語. For **context-sensitive** entries (數據/質量/程序/文件/水平/信息), pick the Taiwan word only in the sense noted — don't blanket-swap.

### B. 互聯網／職場黑話 (PRC corp-speak)

Mainland tech-industry and corporate jargon. Most of these say little on their own — the fix is usually to **name the specific thing**, the same move `avoid-ai-writing-zh` applies to 空話. Core set (full list in the reference file):

| 陸用語 | 台灣講法／改法 |
|---|---|
| 賦能 | 給…能力／支援／強化(講清楚賦予什麼能力) |
| 抓手 | 施力點／著力點／切入點 |
| 對齊 / 拉齊 / 對齊顆粒度 | 取得共識／統一認知／校準 |
| 顆粒度 | 細緻度／精細程度／層級 |
| 閉環 | 完整流程／形成循環／有始有終 |
| 落地 | 實作／導入／上線／落實 |
| 復盤 | 檢討／事後回顧 |
| 底層邏輯 | 根本原理／核心邏輯 |
| 打法 | 做法／策略 |
| 鏈路 | 流程／路徑／環節 |
| 賽道 | 領域／市場／市場區隔 |
| 內卷 | 惡性競爭／過度競爭 |
| 破圈 / 出圈 | 跨出同溫層／觸及新客群 |
| 對標 | 對照／比照／標竿 |
| 降本增效 | 降低成本、提升效率 |
| 私域流量 / 公域流量 | 自有客群／外部流量 |
| 種草 / 拔草 | 推薦、帶起興趣／打消念頭 |
| 心智(品牌心智) | 認知／心佔率 |
| 組合拳 | 一套做法／綜合措施 |
| 沉澱(方法論) | 累積／整理經驗 |

**術語例外(term-of-art carve-out).** Several of these words are *also* legitimate terms-of-art in a specific professional domain — there they carry a precise, established meaning and must be kept, not swapped. The test is whether the word points at a concrete technical referent or is doing empty connective work. Tolerate the term-of-art sense; flag the filler sense.

| 詞 | 保留（術語用法） | 改掉（空話用法） |
|---|---|---|
| 對齊 | AI/ML「模型對齊／對齊人類價值」(model alignment)、排版「靠左對齊」、資料「欄位對齊」 | 「對齊一下顆粒度」「跟老闆對齊預期」→ 取得共識 |
| 顆粒度 | 資料／權限工程的 granularity(「權限控管到欄位顆粒度」「監控指標的時間顆粒度」) | 「對齊顆粒度」當口頭禪 → 刪或改「細緻度」 |
| 復用 | 軟體工程「程式碼復用／組件復用」(code reuse,可保留或改「重用」) | 泛化的「經驗復用」→ 沿用／借鏡 |
| 數據 | 資料科學固定組合詞:數據分析、數據科學、大數據、數據治理 | 一般語境的「數據」單用 → 資料 |
| 落地 | 具體到「導入上線」時,「落地」在台灣科技業已可理解 | 「賦能落地」「戰略落地」堆疊 → 講清楚做了什麼 |

The same flexibility applies to any domain's accepted vocabulary: when a compound is the field's standard term (finance, 半導體, 生醫, 法遵), verify before "correcting" it. A term-of-art that a Taiwan practitioner would actually write is not a 陸用語 defect — it is register-correct. Err toward keeping it and noting the judgment call rather than mechanically swapping.

### C. 簡體字殘留 (leaked Simplified characters)

Any Simplified codepoint sitting in otherwise-Traditional text is a near-definitive sign of a mainland source or a sloppy 簡→繁 conversion. **P0 flag.** Convert to 正體 and, when the mapping is one-to-many, pick by context.

High-frequency leaks: 为→為 · 这→這 · 个→個 · 们→們 · 时→時 · 会→會 · 说→說 · 对→對 · 长→長 · 东→東 · 车→車 · 门→門 · 问→問 · 网→網 · 软→軟 · 数→數 · 据→據 · 实→實 · 学→學 · 国→國 · 电→電 · 脑→腦 · 应→應 · 让→讓 · 变→變 · 还→還 · 与→與 · 专→專 · 业→業 · 万→萬 · 亿→億 · 广→廣 · 严→嚴 · 两→兩 · 丽→麗 · 处→處 · 户→戶 · 优→優 · 显→顯 · 组→組 · 结→結 · 经→經 · 统→統 · 计→計 · 报→報 · 认→認 · 识→識 · 论→論 · 设→設 · 备→備.

**One-to-many — disambiguate by context** (getting this wrong is worse than leaving it): 发→發(出發)／髮(頭髮) · 面→面(表面)／麵(食物) · 里→里(公里)／裡(裡面) · 松→松(松樹)／鬆(放鬆) · 谷→谷(山谷)／穀(穀物) · 干→干(干涉)／乾(乾燥)／幹(幹部) · 制→制(制度)／製(製造) · 划→划(划船)／劃(規劃) · 表→表(表格)／錶(手錶) · 后→后(皇后)／後(後面) · 云→云(古語)／雲(雲端) · 系→系(科系)／係(關係)／繫(聯繫).

Full mapping and disambiguation notes in [`references/term-table.md`](references/term-table.md).

**Whole-document Simplified** is a different task: if the entire text is Simplified (not a leak but a mainland document), this is a 簡→繁 translation request — offer to convert the whole thing and localize usage in one pass, rather than flagging character by character.

### D. 音譯與專名／語法差異

**音譯（外國專名）** — Taiwan and the mainland transliterate foreign names differently. Core:

| 陸用語 | 台灣正體 |
|---|---|
| 奧巴馬 | 歐巴馬 |
| 特朗普 | 川普 |
| 悉尼 | 雪梨 |
| 新西蘭 | 紐西蘭 |
| 硅谷 / 硅 | 矽谷 / 矽 |
| 芯片 | 晶片 |
| 激光 | 雷射 |
| 意大利 | 義大利 |
| 老撾 | 寮國 |
| 沙特 | 沙烏地阿拉伯 |
| 迪拜 | 杜拜 |
| 戛納 | 坎城 |
| 三文魚 / 金槍魚 | 鮭魚 / 鮪魚 |
| 奶酪 | 起司／乳酪 |
| 奔馳 / 大眾(車廠) | 賓士 / 福斯 |

**語法／用詞習慣** — mainland grammar tics:

- 給到 → 給（「給到你資料」→「把資料給你」)
- 通過（表手段）→ 透過／經由（「通過系統」→「透過系統」;表決／通過議案的「通過」保留)
- 進行 + 名詞（進行優化的動作)→ 直接用動詞（優化) — overlaps AI-ism verb-nominalization
- 存在…的問題 → 有…的問題
- 屬於比較…的 → 比較…（刪掉贅字「屬於」)
- V + 化 堆疊（場景化、抓手化、顆粒化)→ flag stacking, 改回動詞或名詞
- 立馬 → 立刻／馬上
- 靠譜 → 可靠／靠得住
- 特…／賊…（特好、賊快，大陸口語強調)→ 超…／非常…

---

## Carve-outs — do NOT flag

These prevent over-flagging and misfires. When in doubt, flag-with-note rather than silently rewrite.

| Pattern | Why it's fine |
|---|---|
| PRC brand / entity proper nouns（微信、支付寶、抖音、小紅書、嗶哩嗶哩、中國移動) | Names, not usage. Don't translate 微信→WeChat unless asked |
| Direct quotes of mainland source material | Flag and note; never silently rewrite someone's quoted words |
| Terms Taiwan has adopted（網紅、直播、掃碼、二維碼→QR碼但可理解、打卡、秒殺) | Cross-strait borrowings now in normal TW use — soft-flag at most |
| Context-neutral senses（物理「質量」、法律「程序」、公文「文件」、幾何「水平」) | Same word, different meaning — replacing changes the meaning |
| 簡體 inside code identifiers / URLs / file paths / variable names | Not prose; changing it breaks things |
| Whole-document Simplified | Route to a full 簡→繁 conversion, not piecemeal flags |
| 專業慣用組合詞／術語 term-of-art（模型對齊、權限顆粒度、程式碼復用、數據分析、大數據) | The field's standard term with a concrete referent — register-correct, not a defect. See the [term-of-art carve-out](#b-互聯網／職場黑話-prc-corp-speak) under 黑話 |
| Industry-standard terms where the 大陸 form is the accepted TW technical term | Some finance / 半導體 / 生醫 / 法遵 fields — verify before "correcting" |
| Taiwan-standard words that merely resemble 陸用語（用戶端、視窗) | These are correct TW usage; don't over-correct |

---

## Severity tiers

Prioritize by how loudly a term signals a mainland source. Use P0+P1 for a quick pass; full audit covers all three.

### P0 — 明顯陸源（一定改）
- **簡體字殘留** — any leaked Simplified character
- Unambiguous 陸用語詞彙 — 視頻、軟件、屏幕、網絡、打印、缺省、默認、服務器、內存、激活、卸載、土豆
- 音譯專名 — 奧巴馬、悉尼、硅谷、芯片、激光、意大利

### P1 — 互聯網黑話與語法（發布前改）
- 職場／互聯網黑話 — 賦能、抓手、對齊顆粒度、閉環、落地、賽道、內卷、對標、降本增效
- 語法習慣 — 給到、通過(表手段)、進行…的動作、存在…的問題、V+化 堆疊

### P2 — 邊界與已在地化（有時間再改）
- Taiwan-adopted borrowings used heavily — 優化(→最佳化,正式語境)、網紅、視窗 vs 窗口
- 口語 — 立馬、靠譜、特…／賊…
- Context-sensitive vocabulary where the sense is genuinely ambiguous

---

## Output format

### Rewrite mode (default)

**1. 陸用語清單** — bulleted, grouped by tier (P0/P1/P2), each with the offending term quoted, its axis (詞彙／黑話／簡體／音譯／語法), and the Taiwan replacement.

**2. 在地化版本** — the full rewritten text. Preserve structure, intent, and all technical detail; change only 用語. Leave carved-out spans (brands, quotes, code) untouched and say so.

**3. 改了什麼** — a short summary of the meaningful swaps, not every word.

**4. 二次檢查** — re-read your rewrite for leaked Simplified characters, missed 黑話, or a context-sensitive term you swapped in the wrong sense. Fix inline and note what changed. If clean, say so.

### Detect mode

**1. 陸用語清單** — grouped by tier, each with the quoted term, axis, and suggested Taiwan replacement. No rewriting.

**2. 判讀** — for each flag, note whether it's a clear 陸用語 or a judgment call (a Taiwan-adopted borrowing, a context-sensitive sense, a brand name). Call out what definitely needs changing vs. what's fine in context. If the text is already Taiwanese, say so.

### Edit mode

**1. 編輯清單** — bulleted, each with the file location and 陸用語 → 台灣正體. Only the spans you touched.

**2. 驗證** — confirm you re-read the file, no Simplified characters remain, and note anything you deliberately left (brands, quotes, code, already-Taiwanese passages).

---

## Self-reference escape hatch

When writing *about* 陸用語 (this file, a tutorial, a glossary), quoted examples are exempt. Text inside quotation marks, code blocks, tables of 陸用語→台灣正體 pairs, or explicitly illustrative examples is reference material, not prose to localize. Only flag 陸用語 in the author's own running prose.