---
name: ci-evidence-and-objects
description: Use to choose and read the objects a Critical Inquiry (CI) essay analyzes — texts, images, artworks, films, performances, events, or cases. In CI the "evidence" is not data but objects read closely through theory; this skill helps select objects that test and earn the intervention and handle images to journal standard. It guides selection and reading; it does not run statistics or build datasets.
---

# Evidence & Objects (ci-evidence-and-objects)

In *Critical Inquiry* there are **no datasets** — the evidence is **objects read closely**: literary
and philosophical texts, paintings, photographs, films, buildings, performances, archival documents,
political or historical cases. This skill helps you pick objects that actually test the intervention,
read them so the claim is earned, and prepare images to the journal's standard.

## When to trigger

- Choosing which texts/images/cases the essay will read
- An argument that asserts more than its objects can demonstrate
- A reading that is rich but not visibly tied to the claim
- Preparing figures and image permissions for submission

## Choose objects that do work

1. **The object must test the claim.** Pick cases that could in principle resist the argument, not
   only ones that flatter it. A reading earns trust when the object pushes back and the claim survives.
2. **Few and deep over many and thin.** CI prizes close reading; one object read to the hilt beats a
   catalog of examples skimmed. Let the analysis go far into the particular.
3. **Right scale of object.** Match the object to the claim — a single image for a claim about seeing;
   a passage for a claim about a concept's grammar; a case for a claim about a practice.
4. **Interdisciplinary objects welcome.** CI essays routinely cross media — a poem and a painting, a
   film and a treatise — when the juxtaposition earns the conceptual point.

## Read so the claim is earned

- **Show the work.** Walk the reader through the text/image; do not assert what it "obviously" means.
- **Quote and describe precisely.** Exact language, exact visual detail — the analysis lives here.
- **Let the object talk back.** Note the friction, ambiguity, or counter-evidence and incorporate it;
  honesty about the object strengthens the intervention (see `ci-argument-and-intervention`).
- **Tie every reading to the turn.** Each analysis should advance the claim, not display erudition.

## Images to journal standard

- Supply images as **separate files**, **300 ppi**, **JPEG or TIFF** — not embedded in the Word file.
- Keep a numbered **figure list with captions and full credit lines**.
- **Secure permissions** for in-copyright images yourself, before publication — budget time and money
  (see `ci-submission` and `ci-citation-and-style`).
- Use figures the argument reads; an image in CI is an object of analysis, not decoration.

## Anti-patterns

- Cherry-picking only confirming examples; ignoring the recalcitrant object
- A pile of thin examples instead of one deep reading
- Asserting a text's meaning without showing the reading
- Embedding low-res images or leaving permissions to the last minute

## Output format

```
【Objects】the texts / images / cases the essay reads
【Why these】how each tests (not just illustrates) the claim
【Depth check】close reading, not a catalog? [Y/N]
【Counter-evidence】where the object resists, and how handled
【Images】separate 300 ppi JPEG/TIFF + permissions plan
【Next】ci-theory-and-method
```

## Supplementary resources

- [`../../resources/external_tools.md`](../../resources/external_tools.md) — archives, text and image sources, image-prep specs
- [`../../resources/official-source-map.md`](../../resources/official-source-map.md) — image format / permissions requirements