---
name: qje-rebuttal
description: Use when a Quarterly Journal of Economics (QJE) decision letter arrives (R&R or reject-and-resubmit) and a response strategy and letter are needed. Structures the revision and response; it does not redo the analysis (route to the relevant qje-* skill for that).
---

# Rebuttal & Revision (qje-rebuttal)

## When to trigger

- A QJE decision letter arrived: revise-and-resubmit, or a conditional/major revision
- You have referee reports and need a response strategy
- You are unsure how to prioritize conflicting referee demands
- The revised manuscript exists and you need to draft the response letter

## QJE reality: few rounds, high stakes

At an unconditional acceptance rate of only **~1-4%**, an R&R from one of QJE's five Harvard-based Editors is a rare and valuable signal — treat it as a near-final opportunity and address everything substantive in this round rather than negotiating across many. The **handling Editor's letter is the contract**: at QJE a single Editor (not a co-editor + AE layer) owns the decision, so that letter tells you which referee points are binding and which are optional. Read it first and let it set priorities.

## Triage protocol

1. **Decode the Editor.** The Editor's letter ranks the issues. A point the Editor underscores is binding; a point only one referee raised and the Editor ignored is lower priority (but still answer it).
2. **Classify every comment.** For each referee point, tag it: *fundamental* (must add analysis), *clarification* (rewrite/explain), or *disagreement* (you will push back, politely, with evidence).
3. **Sequence the work.** Do the analysis first (route fundamentals to `qje-identification` / `qje-robustness` / `qje-theory-model`), update exhibits, *then* write the letter — never write the letter before the manuscript reflects the changes.
4. **Never pick a fight you can win with a robustness check.** If a check settles it, run the check; reserve disagreement for points where the referee is genuinely mistaken.

## Response-letter structure

- **Opening**: thank the Editor and referees; summarize the main changes in a short paragraph.
- **Point-by-point**: quote each comment, then respond. Each response = what you did + where in the revised paper it now appears (section/table/figure/page).
- **Disagreements**: state the referee's point fairly, then give the evidence-based reason you respectfully differ; offer a compromise (e.g., added to the appendix) where possible.
- **Tone**: gracious, concrete, never defensive. Show the referees made the paper better.
- **Change log**: optionally include a brief summary of all changes up front for the Editor's convenience.

## Checklist

- [ ] Editor's priorities decoded and used to rank responses
- [ ] Every referee comment classified (fundamental / clarification / disagreement)
- [ ] All fundamental requests resolved with actual new analysis, not promises
- [ ] Each response cites the exact location of the change in the revised paper
- [ ] Disagreements are evidence-based, fair, and offer a compromise
- [ ] Tone is gracious and concrete throughout
- [ ] Revised manuscript updated *before* the letter was written
- [ ] No new over-claiming introduced while answering reviewers

## Anti-patterns

- Writing the response letter before the manuscript actually reflects the changes
- Promising future work instead of doing the analysis this round (rounds are scarce at ~1-4% acceptance)
- Arguing with a referee where a quick robustness check would settle it
- Defensive or curt tone; treating reports as attacks rather than help
- Answering only the easy points and hand-waving the hard one the Editor flagged
- Vague responses ("we have addressed this") with no location in the paper

## Output format

```
【Decision】R&R / major / conditional
【Editor's binding points】[...]
【Comment classification】fundamental: [...] / clarification: [...] / disagreement: [...]
【Analysis routed to】qje-identification / qje-robustness / qje-theory-model (as needed)
【Letter status】point-by-point with locations? [Y/N]
【Tone check】gracious + concrete? [Y/N]
【Next step】resubmit the single PDF via Editorial Express (qje-submission for file checks)
```