--- name: writing-quotation description: Formatting rules for quoting external sources (papers, articles, web pages, prompt templates) inside a Markdown document. Quotations always live in fenced code blocks (never the `>` blockquote syntax), original and translation sit together, source references go on the line after the fence, and bare numeric references like `[1]` are forbidden. Other sourced-writing skills (survey, paper-details, ...) reference this skill. Consult whenever you write or edit a quotation block. --- # Writing Quotation Formatting rules for quoting external sources inside a Markdown document. Other skills that produce sourced deliverables (`survey`, `paper-details`, and similar) reference this one. ## 1. Why quote the original A summary alone does not let the reader judge whether the writer's reading of the source is correct. Placing the original alongside lets the reader cross-check the writer's interpretation against the source itself. Quotations and prose (the writer's own summary or interpretation) must stay visually and structurally distinct. ## 2. Quotations always go inside code blocks Quote external sources inside a fenced code block, regardless of content type — prose, prompt templates, code, XML-tagged text, anything. Do not use the blockquote syntax (`>`). ## 3. Structure of a quotation block A quotation block has the following shape. - Opening code fence - Original text - One blank line - Translation into the writer's working language (only when the source is in a different language) - Closing code fence - The source reference `[label (YYYY/MM), location]` on the line immediately after the closing fence Rules: - Original and translation sit together inside the same code block. - One blank line separates them. - Do not insert a horizontal rule (`---`) between original and translation. - Do not move the translation outside the code block. Do not put it in parentheses next to the original. - The source reference belongs on the line after the closing fence as an independent line. Never inside the code block. ## 4. Examples ### 4.1 Same-language quotation When the source and the writer share a working language, no translation is needed: ``` Composability is the property by which a system's behaviour is determined by the behaviour of its parts and the rules under which they are combined. ``` [example-handbook (2026/04), Section 2.1] ### 4.2 Cross-language quotation When the source is in a language other than the writer's working language, place the translation as a separate paragraph inside the same code block: ``` Le sens d'une expression complexe est déterminé par le sens de ses constituants et par les règles qui les combinent. The meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meaning of its constituents and the rules that combine them. ``` [example-handbook (2026/04), Section 2.1] ### 4.3 Prompt-template quotation Prompt templates use the same rule. Wrap inside a code block; place the source reference after the fence. ``` Human: You are an assistant who summarises research papers. The paper is enclosed in tags. Produce a summary enclosed in tags. P Assistant: ``` [example-prompt-library (2026/04), template 03] ### 4.4 Short-form role markers in translations When translating a prompt template (Human/Assistant style), the translation side may abbreviate role markers to reduce cognitive load and to make it easier to tell original from translation at a glance. - `Human:` → `H:` - `Assistant:` → `A:` Keep the original side unabbreviated (`Human:` / `Assistant:` in full). The trailing `Assistant:` at the very end of a chat template (the position that signals where the response begins) carries structural meaning and may be left as `Assistant:` on the translation side as well. ## 5. Source-reference format Format: `[label (YYYY/MM), location]`. - `label`: an identifier for the source. The calling skill decides the convention (author short-form, publication name, etc.). - `(YYYY/MM)`: year and month. Do not include the day. If only the year is known, use `(YYYY)`. - `location`: where in the source the cited passage lives (`p.4`, `Section 3.1`, `Figure 2`, `(15)`, `opening`, `final paragraph`, etc.). Omit when it cannot be pinned down. If there is no location, write `[label (YYYY/MM)]`. ### 5.1 No bare numeric references Do not use bare numeric references like `[1]` or `[2]`. The reader has to bounce between text and bibliography to learn what each number means. Use a label-based form that identifies the subject directly inside the text. ## 6. Anti-patterns Anti-pattern 1 — using blockquote syntax (`>`): A line starting with `>` is not acceptable for an external quotation. Always wrap inside a code block (see Section 2). Anti-pattern 2 — translation outside the code block: ``` Composability is the property by which ... ``` The translation appears here as prose, outside the code block. [example-handbook (2026/04), Section 2.1] Fix: place original and translation inside the same code block, separated by one blank line. Anti-pattern 3 — translation in parentheses next to the original: ``` Composability is the property by which ... (Inline translation in parentheses ...) ``` [example-handbook (2026/04), Section 2.1] Fix: original and translation are independent paragraphs inside the same code block, separated by one blank line. Anti-pattern 4 — source reference inside the code block: ``` Composability is the property by which ... Translation here ... [example-handbook (2026/04), Section 2.1] ``` Fix: the source reference goes on the line after the closing fence as an independent line. Anti-pattern 5 — bare numeric source reference: ``` Composability is the property by which ... Translation here ... ``` [1] Fix: use a label that identifies the source directly (author short-form or publication name). Anti-pattern 6 — horizontal rule between original and translation: ``` Composability is the property by which ... --- Translation here ... ``` [example-handbook (2026/04), Section 2.1] Fix: separate original and translation with one blank line. No horizontal rule. ## 7. Scope This skill defines the format of quotations only. *When* to quote (Assertion-Evidence ordering, what label to use, etc.) is decided by the calling skill. - `survey`: Assertion-Evidence ordering — state the claim in prose first, then back it up with a quotation. The `label` slot holds the publication or source name. - `paper-details`: References to the paper under review omit the author and use position only (`[p.X, Section Y.Z]`). References to other works use `[author-short (YYYY/MM)]`.